Mohenjodaro is an ancient site situated at district Larkana in Sindh Pakistan. Mohenjodaro is local Sindhi word which mean DEAD MOUND. Mohenjodaro is not the real name, no one knows the actual name but few archaeologists agrees that the name of city must be KUKKUTRAMA a Dravidian name which mean CITY OF COCKS. Cock fighting used to consider as religious and sacred purposes but not for using as food.
Mohenjodaro was built round about 2600 BC the largest city of Indus Valley Civilization also known as Harappan Valley Civilization. Some archaeologists agree that it was destroyed due to flood and storm and some archaeologists agree that it was destroyed which developed around 3000 BC from the pre-historic Indus Culture. Mohenjodaro was an advanced city of its period considering civil engineering and urban planning, such examples are rare even in modern world. It was suddenly declined in 19th Century BC and not used.
Mohenjodaro was discovered in 1922 by Rakhaldas Bandyopadhyay an officer of the Archaeological Survey of India along with a Buddhist monk who considered the mound as stupa. By the passage of time renowned archaeologists took major excavations such as John Marshall, D. K. Dikshitar, Ernest Mackay, Ahmad Hasan Dani, Mortimer Wheeler, Dr. George F. Dales, Dr. Michael, ansen and Dr. Maurizio Tosi.
Mohenjodaro has a planned layout based on a street grid rectilinear buildings. Most buildings were built by fired and mortared bricks, some sun dried mud bricks and wooden superstructures. From the layout of Mohenjodaro it depicts that it was a high level of organization. At its peak it used to households round about 35000 residents. The city is divided into two parts first one the CITADEL and other LOWER CITY.
The CITADEL was a mud brick mound around 12 meters high which supported public baths also a large residential structure for 5000 residents and two large assembly halls. The city had a large market place and a large public well. Individuals or households obtained water from further small wells. Waste water was channeled to main drainage of the streets then further main drainage. Some houses had a separate bath and a lower small place for the heating purposes of water and a courtyard. Some buildings were two stories associated with wealthier families. There was a large halls for public bath and granary.
Statue of Priest King is famous which was excavated in 1927.
Currently, the site is threatened by salinity in the ground water and improper restoration. Many walls have already collapsed, while others are crumbling from the ground up. Without improved conservation measures, Pakistani archaeologists fear that the site could disappear.
By: Ejaz Karim Shugulo
Mohenjodaro was built round about 2600 BC the largest city of Indus Valley Civilization also known as Harappan Valley Civilization. Some archaeologists agree that it was destroyed due to flood and storm and some archaeologists agree that it was destroyed which developed around 3000 BC from the pre-historic Indus Culture. Mohenjodaro was an advanced city of its period considering civil engineering and urban planning, such examples are rare even in modern world. It was suddenly declined in 19th Century BC and not used.
Mohenjodaro was discovered in 1922 by Rakhaldas Bandyopadhyay an officer of the Archaeological Survey of India along with a Buddhist monk who considered the mound as stupa. By the passage of time renowned archaeologists took major excavations such as John Marshall, D. K. Dikshitar, Ernest Mackay, Ahmad Hasan Dani, Mortimer Wheeler, Dr. George F. Dales, Dr. Michael, ansen and Dr. Maurizio Tosi.
Mohenjodaro has a planned layout based on a street grid rectilinear buildings. Most buildings were built by fired and mortared bricks, some sun dried mud bricks and wooden superstructures. From the layout of Mohenjodaro it depicts that it was a high level of organization. At its peak it used to households round about 35000 residents. The city is divided into two parts first one the CITADEL and other LOWER CITY.
The CITADEL was a mud brick mound around 12 meters high which supported public baths also a large residential structure for 5000 residents and two large assembly halls. The city had a large market place and a large public well. Individuals or households obtained water from further small wells. Waste water was channeled to main drainage of the streets then further main drainage. Some houses had a separate bath and a lower small place for the heating purposes of water and a courtyard. Some buildings were two stories associated with wealthier families. There was a large halls for public bath and granary.
Statue of Priest King is famous which was excavated in 1927.
Currently, the site is threatened by salinity in the ground water and improper restoration. Many walls have already collapsed, while others are crumbling from the ground up. Without improved conservation measures, Pakistani archaeologists fear that the site could disappear.
By: Ejaz Karim Shugulo
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